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Thursday, August 27, 2020
Implementing MBO System in a Burger King Franchise Essay
Actualizing MBO System in a Burger King Franchise - Essay Example The Burger King establishment in Maine has one proprietor, with four perpetual staff and 28 low maintenance representatives. The four changeless staff individuals are aide administrators, two of who are in the kitchen and two who are on the floor. Representatives work in two moves, each move has a kitchen and a story supervisor with fourteen low maintenance workers as cooks and servers. Staff turnover is as much as 7 per year and might be added to working hours as well as work conditions. When taking a gander at the salary explanation obviously benefit is legitimately connected to deals, less liabilities. Presently right off the bat taking a gander at deals and thinking about this is a cheap food business, we know for certain the benefit will rely upon the measure of deals, and to sell we need clients. This the main key business objective must be consumer loyalty. Considering our client, we have to discover what will fulfill their necessities and make them return for additional, and being in the cheap food business with a drive through, we realize that speed of food conveyance is significant. Next clients like to have a decision and as Burger Kings vital explanation suggests Have it your way, it is essential to provide food for client's decision. Besides clients consistently welcome a warm and neighborly help from staff, which is one explanation they will return. So our first objective of guaranteeing consumer loyalty could be acknowledged by targets, for example, dec reased turnaround time, offering the client a wide verity of food, conveyed in a warm and amicable way. Consumer loyalty would then be able to be estimated by the maintenance and ideally increment of clients base before the finish of 2006, against past information. Next we have to take a gander at liabilities which likewise sway the net revenue of the business. Liabilities are costs that are paid out of the total compensation of the business and in the event that it very well may be decreased, the net revenue will be expanded appropriately. It should likewise be understood that costs, for example, publicizing and advancement whenever actualized accurately, whenever expanded could bring about an expansion in deals. Food cost including bundling, is the stock that must be purchased and kept up to guarantee the capacity of the business to convey an item to its clients consistently. Is it conceivable to decrease these costs Yes, by taking a gander at elective less expensive bundling costs could be diminished. At that point how much wastage happens during arrangement of the food, or during incorrectly arranges. Just by removing wastage and through better food requesting and arrangement forms food cost could be decreased by at any rate 5 percent. Improving these procedures may likewise diminish the measure of staff that are required right now and could bring about decreasing staff, thus lessening wage costs. Our second key objective is this to decrease costs, and this we can accomplish by setting a moderate objective of diminishing costs by at
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The Perish in War and Compromises an Example of the Topic History Essays by
The Perish in War and Compromises The incomparable General George S. Patton once said that War is hellfire. (Patton, 1970). War doesn't include men who simply get together throughout the end of the week and take shots at turkeys. They don't simply discuss past times worth remembering. The general expressed the main truth about war. Damnation is the ideal portrayal. Need paper test on The Perish in War and Compromises subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue Individuals can just know about wars through news communicates. The subtleties must be clearly seen through films. There are additionally times when very much created films about war even neglect to introduce the genuine dramatization behind the uncelebrated yet truly great individuals of war. It is here and there only a delicate portrayal of feelings that could be scarcely depicted. Be that as it may, who can truly say what it feels like to be in everything, particularly during the improvements in the Middle East? In any case, not all movies are a long ways of the real world. Sparing Private Ryan is maybe the main film that could give the most reasonable perspective on war. It transferred the pulverization at any point slanted to such situations. (Sparing Private Ryan, 1998). During the war, troopers continually hear the sound of mounted guns shells barraging their ear drums. They likewise hear 223 millimeter adjusts touching their head protectors. They additionally hear the sound of projectiles infiltrating protective caps as the warriors advance and assault the adversary with full power. The foe is their solitary objective as they battle for two things: their nation and their lives. Officers can't stop to have a mid-day break during a fight. They can request a breather when they are drained. In any case, they definitely realize that they will never get it, not in any event, when they asked for it. Fighters don't get the opportunity to have restroom earns back the original investment when nature is shouting for a moment. They may wish to pause for a minute to extend their backs on a delicate sleeping pad and sleep, however the crew must assemble ahead to plan and transparent their next mission. Rest and hot dinners are extravagances that warriors scarcely get during the war. Bathroom tissue, what pretty much every American exploit, is rare and difficult to reach. In spite of the fact that war can be a breaking experience, a warrior chipped in his life and ought to be focused on his strategic. Warriors who can no longer serve their pledge to the crew and crucial released, yet just in specific situations. Else, he will go for his rifle and stroll through the following crucial. During war, warriors become to regard and trust their individual fighters in their crew. They depend on one another for quality, as they are helped ordinarily to remember why they are on the combat zone. Their body and psyches might be secured with wounds, tissue wounds and black powder. In any case, the quality they back from these individuals is their very wellspring of mental fortitude to confront all feelings of dread. Consistently on the field, they are attempting to confront their dread of death. Valid, there are many individuals who state that demise is a passing change to another kind of life and ought not be an over the top concern. They state Death ought not be dreaded. Little did audience members realize that exactly the same men who have faith in their nonattendance of dread of death are the individuals who are living easily at home. They relax on their Lazy Boys watching films about war. The might even have a virus jar of bear in one hand and a pail of hot zesty chicken on the other. These men are the individuals who don't reserve the privilege to talk about war. They don't live and inhale war. They don't see companions go down. They don't hear the shots flying from each point. They can't smell the blood of both foe and companion. They can't taste the earth that they call beds. They can't feel the blinding consume of torment. I was once in a helicopter during an automatic rifle assault during a salvage. It had 52 shot openings all through its body. It had bloodstains on the floor from my companions who kicked the bucket that day. They never recognized what occurred. They didn't get an opportunity. It would have been trivial on the off chance that they even knew. No, was isn't the sort of experience that one would portray as fun and energizing. It would alarm any individual to be a piece, all things considered, That makes warriors legends for making the strides fighting for the benefit of their nation. The creator of I Aint Gonna Study War No More, Phillip Babich, gave a tale about an officers change of heart. (Salon.com, April 2003). Sergeant Kevin Benderman is a 10-year veteran in the United States Army, third Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia. In January, his brigade was requested to get ready for sending to the nation of Iraq. From that point forward, the Sergeant felt that he proved unable, in great still, small voice, return to battle any war. He was sent once before in Iraq in May 2003, and he guaranteed that it has forever left an awful preference for his mouth. He wouldn't like to be a piece of any war later on. As of late, he petitioned for the outspoken opponent status, asserting that he was ethically against wars and proclaimed that he could no longer take an interest on the war zone. He has been recounting to his story to radio broadcasts and web destinations to elevate attention to his circumstance. He was booked to meet with the division cleric and a therapist to finish his archives. Sadly, because of a trouble in plans, it was not finished before the date of arrangement. Sgt. Benderman decided to resist direct requests to send to confront a military court marshal. Right now, he is at Fort Stewart sitting tight for his day in court. At exactly that point would he be able to take his case with respect to his solicitation for pacifist status to the military court. The Sergeants case is a fascinating circumstance. The United States of America has a deliberate military assistance. With that, one should figure: where do we take a stand? When can a fighter be discharged from his willful enrollment when he completely understood that war was not what he truly needed or even anticipated. Since he is a volunteer, will he be promptly declined when mentioned to have his deliberate activity back? Then again, if such would be the situation, that the United States Government would just permit volunteers to leave the military whenever they wish to, would that cause a far more prominent turmoil than attempting to endure the war? The quantity of warriors would lessen to a modest number that it may get wasteful to try and attempt to battle with what was left. With that, I accept that each warrior has the option to be moved to a non battling position inside the military, given that he is crippled to be on the field, until his agreement has terminated. I do concur that an individual doesn't need to battle during the war on the off chance that he feels that he can't satisfy such without bargaining his convictions. He must have everything inside himself that being in a combat area is something he would need. Being irresolute can just aim more prominent demise tally, including his crew, individual Americans, and himself. On account of Sgt. Benderman, he ought to be expelled from administration and set in a non-battle position until his selection is finished. Up to that point, the Sergeant can be of better use to the military by maybe being a decent cook. The military could utilize one. Works Cited Patton. Dir. Franklin J. Schaffner. Execution George C. Scott,Karl Malden, Michael Bates, and Karl Vogler. Twenty Century Fox, 1970. Private Ryan. Dir. Steven Spielburg. Execution Tom Hanks, Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Jeremy Davies, Barry Pepper. Dreamworks, 1998. I Aint Gonna Study War No More. Salon.com. Phillip Babich, April 2005.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Blog Archive Hear How Ben Hindman Went from DC Tour Guide to Splash CEO
Blog Archive Hear How Ben Hindman Went from DC Tour Guide to Splash CEO Today, many aspiring MBAs and MBA graduates want to join start-ups or launch such companies themselves. Is entrepreneurship as exciting as it seems? Is it really for you? mbaMission Founder Jeremy Shinewald has teamed up with Venture for America and CBS Interactive to launch Smart People Should Build Things: The Venture for America Podcast. Each week, Shinewald interviews another entrepreneur so you can hear the gritty stories of their ups and downs on the road to success. The podcast series welcomes its twenty-first guest, Ben Hindman, founder and CEO of event marketing software company Splash. Hindman shares how he built the firm, which enables customers to maximize the impact of their events before, during, and after they happen using online tools and social media. He discusses these points and much more: How he left behind a rather surprising position as a Washington, D.C. tour guide to test entrepreneurial waters What the rapid changes within the companyâ"Splash started out as a budgeting tool!â"taught him about business How a very surprising visitor recently crashed the companyâs Web siteâ"the pope! Subscribe to the podcast series to hear how Hindman and many other entrepreneurs achieved success! Share ThisTweet News
Monday, May 25, 2020
Do We Need to Learn New Languages Anymore If Computers Know Them All
Do We Need to Learn New Languages Anymore If Computers Know Them All? Language is one of the most complex entities known to people. We make use of a variety of languages around the world. Each person is even born with a mother tongue. Yet, we have not been able to completely understand the workings of a language. That is because language is not a manmade entity. Human beings did not sit down one day and decide to create different languages. According to the ââ¬Å"Tower of Babelâ⬠account, the Lord Almighty created different languages in an effort to deter man from pursuing this evil project of building a tower up to heaven. Humans have thus found it extremely difficult to understand how language really works. We are able to use a language easily and translate from one language to another. When we try to teach the computer to do the same, we find it extremely difficult to get good results. In order to teach the computer to translate properly, we need to provide all the rules pertaining to a specific language. However, since we ourselves do not understand how languages work, we are not able to automate this process successfully. We do not even understand how our mind processes language and how we are able to translate a language perfectly using the human mind. When a computer translates from one language to another, the results are mediocre at best and ridiculously humorous at worst. There is no evidence to prove that we are making any progress in our understanding of languages.
Thursday, May 14, 2020
The Criminal Justice System Is Made Up Of Many Complex...
The criminal justice system is made up of many complex components that all work together in order to maintain law and order in society. Of the different parts in the judicial system, criminal courts play a vital role in the execution of justice not only for the victim, but the community as well. Accordingly, criminal courts in the United States have been used to maintain social control of citizens and create social change within the population (Hartley Champion, 2009). Because every state and the federal government have differing methods on how to prosecute criminals, the process seemingly becomes difficult to comprehend and follow. Some states utilize a standardized sentencing structure where as others afford the judge more leeway in deciding sentence terms. Criminal court is open to the general public for viewing; therefore, attending a session is presumably one of the more hands on methods of researching criminal justice in order to evaluate how the system works at the commu nity level. The intent of this paper is to reflect on the criminal court proceedings witnessed at a local criminal court session, explain and understand the roles of all in the courtroom setting, and analyze cases in regards to the administration of justice. Cumberland County, North Carolina hears criminal cases Monday through Friday, with morning and afternoon sessions. On September 29th, the General Court of Justice, District Court Division, County of Cumberland had quite a longShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice System : A System Of Law Enforcement1616 Words à |à 7 PagesAbstract The criminal justice system is a system of law enforcement that is directly involved in prosecuting, defending, sentencing, and punishing people suspected of crime or convicted of felony offenses. The criminal justice system is made of three major components; law enforcement, courts, and corrections. All have subcomponents that work together in order for the system to function properly and maintain order. The three major components have big backgrounds that lead up to the way they functionRead MoreCriminal Justice Is A Major Part Of The Entertainment World953 Words à |à 4 PagesIt is true that criminal justice is a major part of the entertainment world. In most shows on TV today, I was really surprised when I sat down to think about what shows I watched that would actually fit in to the three components. I didnââ¬â¢t realize at first how many shows I watched that actually depicted the law enforcement, court systems, and the corrections aspects of Criminal Justice. When it comes to a TV show that depicts Law Enforcement, there are tons of things to choose from. For instanceRead MoreCrime, Justice, and Social Control Essay1371 Words à |à 6 PagesIs the criminal justice system more effective as a method of bringing the guilty to justice or as a deterrent or a method of social control? It is unanimously agreed that the aim of the criminal justice system is to provide equal justice for all according to the law, by processing of cases impartially, fairly and efficiently with the minimum but necessary use of public resources. 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Wunsch Law Firm has always allowed Campbell undergrads and law school students to hold internships withinRead MoreThe Division Of Our Society : Exploring Mass Imprisonment1737 Words à |à 7 PagesResearch Paper Professor Jane Campanizzi-Mook September 11th 2015 ABSTRACT Prison is unfortunately big business in the United States and our society is paying the ultimate cost and there is only one system being rewarded. More than often we do not put much emphasis on the prison system in its entirety. It is a fairly simple concept to most Americans that if you commit a crime or if youââ¬â¢re one of the bad guys jail or prison is where you will reside and pay for the wrongdoing. The ultimate goalRead MoreThe Trafficking And Forms Of Human Trafficking Essay1317 Words à |à 6 Pages2.1.2 The concept of Human Trafficking and forms of Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a complex phenomenon hence difficult to conceptualize (Maclnnis, 2012). Scholars, nations and international organizations have individually or collectively tried to define human trafficking and, not surprisingly, they disagree with one another. United States (US) for instance does not consider organ trade as human trafficking whereas the United Nations (UN) and Canada do (United States Department of StateRead MoreCriminal Trends2477 Words à |à 10 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation Heather Kyzer CJA 394: Contemporary Issues and Futures in Criminal Justice June 3, 2013 David Sicilian II Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation There is no question that crime has had and continues to hinder society. The criminal justice system is an intricate part of society and is essential that this system remains capable of adequately dealing with the latest crime trends. It was the establishment of the consistency with the Social Commission that theRead MoreThe United States Government Is The Best Policy1597 Words à |à 7 PagesThe United States government serves as a purpose to improve and protect the lives of all American citizens. The functions of the United States government varies and operates on several different levels that include national, state, and local. Each of these levels helps the government make certain demands of its citizens. These demands and guidelines have been practiced, maintained, and developed through history. This is to promote the general welfare of the society. The American people are providedRead MoreCourt Systems2828 Words à |à 12 PagesThe U.S. Federal Court system I have chosen the United States Federal Court System as my topic of research. I believe the U.S Federal Court System is paramount to our criminal justice system. Today the Federal Court System is a complex structure of courts and actors working together in an imperfect process to deliver justice. Throughout the years thereââ¬â¢s been controversy and debate between the rights of state and federal courts. However, as the dual process evolved they became dependent on eachRead MoreModule 1 Competencies : The Police And Fire Departments, Court, Correction, And Social Services2312 Words à |à 10 Pagesa very complex and although independent rely on inter-connectivity and communication comprise the criminal justice system. These entities share a common goal to uphold the law and maintain justice in our society (Silver, S. 2011. CJ in the USA an introduction to Criminal Justice. (1st ed., p. 1). The criminal justice system is divided into four major pillars. Within the pillars many div ers jobs and skill sets come together to achieve this goal (Johnson, K. (2010). Jobs in criminal justice. Oceanside:
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Causing Harm With Trade Embargos And Sanctions - 1678 Words
Causing Harm With Trade Embargos and Sanctions Trade embargos have tremendous consequences for countries that are being embargoed. The embargos not only affect the country that are being embargoed, but the effect bleed over the borders to the surrounding countries. The list of countries that have been sanctioned by the United Nations included Russia, North Cyprus, and Cuba. United Nations sanctions that target countries affect the economy, the morale, and encourages criminal activities to obtain goods. The majority of good hearted citizens would be appalled if they were walking down a street and saw a dog tied up in a yard looking like it hadn t eaten for a week. These citizens would take a minute retrieve their phone and call the Humane Society to report this cruel treatment of this poor dog. As doctor C. M. Tiplada, D. B. Walsh, and C. J. C. Phillips wrote in their journal article, ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"Public outrage after undercover footage of animal cruelty is screened has been reported in a range of countries, such as USA, Canada, and the UKâ⬠(636). Who do the citizen call when they are being treated like the dog and the owner of the dog is the United Nations? This is how people around the world are being treated each and every day when their country has an embargo imposed on the resources that are able to enter and exit their country. These embargos create personnel harm to the citizens of the country at the expense of political malfeasance. The United Nations has a greaterShow MoreRelatedUnited States and Cuba Foreign Policy891 Words à |à 4 Pagesbecause president Kennedy resolved a major crisis, the USSAR could have bombed down the USA within minutes. For Cuba this gave them a since of defiance and strength against America. Although there was a trade reduction in tension, Castro kept lines of trade with the US shut. In 1996 the US trade embargo was made permanent , in response to Cubaââ¬â¢s shooting down of the two US aircrafts operated by Miami based Cuban exiles(US). The 104th United States Congress passed this law on March 12th, 1996(Clinton)Read MoreNorth Korea And The United Nations1536 Words à |à 7 PagesRussia, for the purpose of dismantling North Koreaââ¬â¢s nuclear program. Currently, China is North Koreaââ¬â¢s most important ally, biggest trading partner, and main source of food, arms, and energy, and accounts for more than 70% of North Koreaââ¬â¢s total trade volume (Albert Xu, 2016). And, due to their increasing isolation, North Koreaââ¬â¢s dependence on China continues to grow. Kuznets (2008) suggest that in most, if not all cases, donors pull out for fear of their nuclear program: Conflict between recipientRead MoreIs the Rise of the East Viewed as a Threat or an Opportunity?1477 Words à |à 6 Pagescreated by inexpensive Chinese imports. The theory is that Chinaââ¬â¢s seemingly endless supply of cheap and lack of regulation allows them to produce goods at costs much lower than American firms causing a shift of employment to the East. Chinaââ¬â¢s growth has largely revolved around increases in manufacturing causing American manufactures to face downward wage pressures and reallocations of labor (Eichengreen, 2011). They worry demand will fall for domestic goods and shift towards cheap imports costing theirRead MoreForeign Policy Has The Diplomatic Pendulum Swept So Wide An Arc Essay1078 Words à |à 5 PagesAmericans hostage, causing many individuals in the U.S to become infuriated with the situation. Little did the citizens of both nations know that this strenuous period would last 444 days, with United States taking desperate measures to keep its citizens out of harm and free them swiftly. During the majority of the crisis, President Jimmy Carter was commander in chief of the U.S, taking immediate action after hearing of the emergency on the other side of the globe. By placing an embargo on oil importsRead MoreNew Relations With Cub A Historic Mistake2064 Words à |à 9 Pagesthis position, also want to end the US embargo on Cuba, but what they fail to realize is that what has oppressed the people of Cuba for over 50 years are government imposed internal restrictions and their embargo to its people. The reality is that these changes rather than help the people of Cuba, in turn, empower the Castro dictatorship and allow them to continue to oppress and violate the human rights of the Cuban people. Per Senator Marco Rubio ââ¬Å"the embargo is not what is hurting the Cuban people Read More An Analysis of Joseph Nyeââ¬â¢s Use of ââ¬Å"Soft Powerâ⬠and its Relationship with Morality in International Relations3033 Words à |à 13 Pagesact in a manner which enhances or advances its own national interest at all costs despite morality and the interests of other nations. A nation cannot successfully navigate the muddy waters of International Relations by waging war and imposing trade sanctions upon all of those who oppose that nation. The second viewpoint on State power is based purely in morality. Idealism requires self sacrifice for the overall good of the global community. Physical power should perform as little of a role as possibleRead MoreCompany Valuation Report for Bp20320 Words à |à 82 Pages92 at the point of oil leak containment. Despite a general increase thereafter, share prices trend was somewhat unstable and was considerably lower that its initial share price. Figure 2.1 BP Oil Spill Timeline Source: Moreano 2011 BP currently trades shares on a number of platforms including the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and London Stock Exchange (LSE). Figure 2.2 shows the summary of BPââ¬â¢s listing on the NYSE as of 3rd February. The share price opens at US$45.54, with a market capitalizationRead MoreCoco Cola18335 Words à |à 74 Pagesproducts, * a poorà environmentalà record, * perception of the companies engagement inà monopolisticà business practices, * questionable labour practices (including allegations of involvement with paramilitary organisations in suppression ofà trade unions), * questionableà marketingà strategies, and * accusation of violations ofà intellectual propertyà rights. Perception of the company as behaving unethically has led to the formation ofà pressure groupsà such as Killer Coke, product boycottsRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words à |à 163 Pagesof forceâ⬠as opposed to ââ¬Å"warâ⬠(in Kellogg-Briand Pact) shows intent to prohibit forceful reprisals as well as major coercion ii) Fundamental purpose of Charter is to prevent coercion ââ¬â suggests that even minor coercion, even imposed simply as a sanction, should also be prohibited (evidence of this: 1964 Sec. Coun. Censured Britain for reprisals vs. Yemeni guerrillas) c) However, some actions popularly termed reprisals may more usefully be thought of as efforts of defense (lawful defense under ArticleRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words à |à 656 Pagesis not just a teleological assumption. Moving may have been one of the elemental activities of our species, along with eating and reproducing, but mass movement was a new phenomenonââ¬âas was the related ââ¬Å"massificationâ⬠of reproduction, production, trade, and transportation, as well as communication, consumption, and culture. Mass migration is an integral part of these broader global processes that have shaped the modern world. Dating the shift isââ¬âlike the periodization of any social processââ¬âa slippery
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Weddings in Malaysia free essay sample
The representative of the groom, typically a male relative, is usually accompanied by a small entourage bearing trays of gifts including, among others, a betelnut leaves arrangement, an engagement ring and sweets. On the morning of the wedding day the bride and groom will perform a special ablution bath as required in Islam. The focus of a traditional Malay wedding is the akad nikah or marriage vow, which is overseen by the imam in front of witnesses. The imam then will confirm with the witnesses if the vow was clearly heard and once they confirm this, he will lead the congregation with a doa to conclude the ceremony and ask for blessings from God. In some respect, the traditional Malay wedding ceremony bears similarity to the Indian wedding ceremony. Before the advent of Islam, Hindu was the most prolific religion in this region and this has been attributed to these similarities, which include, among others, the mandi lulur. We will write a custom essay sample on Weddings in Malaysia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like the Indians, a day before the wedding, traditional Malay bride and groom would often partake in a mandi lulur ââ¬â a special bath scrub whose ingredients includes turmeric powder ââ¬â in their respective homes. The majlis berinai ââ¬â whereby the bride will have henna applied onto her hands and feet ââ¬â is also reminiscent of the mehndi ceremony in an Indian wedding. The bersanding ceremony, highly similar to the use of mandapa in Indian weddings, is also an important aspect of a traditional Malay wedding. This is when the couple becomes a ââ¬ËKing for the Dayââ¬â¢. While the akad nikah might take a half hour at the most, the bersanding ceremony may take longer, depending on the number of guests and family members who wish to partake in the tepung tawar or blessing, anointing the coupleââ¬â¢s upturned palms with scented water, pandan potpurri and rice. Similarly, Thursday evenings are considered by both the Malays and the Indians as an auspicious day to hold a wedding. The Indian wedding ceremony is perhaps the most elaborate. Strict wedding customs require that the bride and the groom (and at times, their immediate family members) keep to a strictly vegetarian diet several days before the wedding. This is in respect to the Hindu religion practised by the majority of Indians in Malaysia. Before the wedding, the mehndi or henna is applied onto to the brideââ¬â¢s hands and feet to ward off evil. The bride then dons the sari and jewellery, gifts from her future husband on the day of their engagement, and makes her way to the temple. Bright hues of yellow, red, orange, peacock blue and green are favoured as they are believed to bring good luck and blessing to the occasion, while white and black ââ¬â considered to be mourning colours ââ¬â are generally avoided. Steeped in ancient Vedic customs, a traditional Hindu wedding involves extensive prayers and ceremonial acts. Elaborate in rituals and prayers the actual wedding ceremony itself comprises some ten rites. But the central part of the Hindu wedding is the agni parinaya. Agni parinaya is the circumambulation of fire ââ¬â which symbolises divine witness to the marriage while all the time reciting a Vedic chant. The completion of this agni parinaya is concluded with a prayer that the marriage is indissoluble and the groom ends the ceremony with the tying of the thali on his brideââ¬â¢s neck, an act greeted with loud traditional music, clapping and congratulations from the guests. The bridesmaid plays and important role in an Indian wedding, thus she is one of the individuals to receive a gift from the groomââ¬â¢s party. The priest is given a gift of a dhoti (a traditional suit for men) and fresh vegetables by way of thanks for his service. A unique aspect of Hindu wedding is the post-wedding games engaged by the bride and her new family to break the ice and make her feel belonged with her new family. Auspicious days for weddings are during the period of the waxing moon particularly during the Ponggal festival (harvest festival). Like the mandi lulur preceding a Malay wedding, the bride and groom in an Indian wedding partake in their own ablution ritual in the morning of the wedding, in their respective homes. A ritual bath is accompanied by anointment of scented oils, turmeric and sandalwood paste, which not only serves to exfoliate and soften the skin but also lends it a pleasant fragrance. Traditional Chinese weddings encompass the three letters (betrothal letter, gift letter and wedding letter) and six etiquette (proposal, divination of birth dates, confirmation, presentation of gifts, choosing of wedding date, and acceptance of marriage) between the two families. The matchmaker plays a pivotal role, acting as the main go-between for the two families. Red ââ¬â a colour symbolising prosperity to the Chinese ââ¬â fills the house of the bride. The central act in a Chinese aside from the wedding act itself, is the tea ceremony. This is a ritual that places the parents, above all else. The ceremony is also a symbol of respect. Before the arrival of the groom, the bride offers tea to both her parents in way of thanks for having raised her. This is done on her own without her groom or the bridesmaid. Once this ceremony is completed, the groom will arrive and with the help of his best man, plead, pay, haggle, sweet-talk their way into the brideââ¬â¢s house with much merriment and teasing from relatives and friends ââ¬â a light-hearted moment shared in a traditional Malay wedding. This is followed by the wedding ceremony itself, which is a relatively simple affair with the bride and groom paying homage to Heaven and Earth, the Kitchen God and family ancestors, asking for blessings for the union. Unlike the Malay or Hindu wedding, a traditional Chinese wedding does not normally involve a priest. This is followed by a tea ceremony between the newlyweds and the groomââ¬â¢s parents, which basically completes the wedding. Three days after the wedding, it is customary for the newlyweds to pay a visit to the brideââ¬â¢s parents where she will be received and treated as a guest. In Malaysia, though at a glance, the ceremony and content of each ethnic traditional marriage is different, there exist similarities and parallels between them. Both the Indian and Malay wedding guests receive a token gift for attending the wedding. While the Malays traditionally give away the practical gift of bunga telur (basically a boiled egg) to their guests symbolising a fertile union, those at an Indian wedding receives sweets reflecting and reaffirming the sweetness of the occasion. Haggling for passage to get to his bride is a light-hearted rite shared by the Malay and Chinese weddings. Both the Malay and Chinese wedding announces the arrival of the groom with loud accompaniment of the kompang and firecrackers respectively. Although traditional marriages across the three ethnic groups can still be found, more and more of the younger generation is opting for a simpler wedding with minimum fuss, in hand with an increasingly hectic lifestyle. The application of mehndi, believed to ward off evil, is slowly being edged aside by the more eye-catching body-art designs. Tempered by the call for moderation in Islam, the Malay weddings of late are moderate affairs whereby more and more of the younger Malay couples opt to not have the bersanding ceremony, while the token gifts for guests have changed from the traditional bunga telur to chocolates, sweets and potpourri. The divination of the birth dates for the bride and groom is as important to the Chinese as it is to the Indians, but is a process slowly being swallowed by time.
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